Build a number of national water network backbone projects by 2025! The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "National Water Network Construction Plan Outline"
Release time：2024-08-26click：3
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "National Water Network Construction Plan Outline" and issued a notice requiring all regions and departments to conscientiously implement it based on actual conditions.
The main contents of the "National Water Network Construction Plan Outline" are as follows.
Table of contents
1. Planning basis
(1) Development status
(2) Situation requirements
2. Overall requirements
(1) Guiding ideology >
(2) Working principles
(3) Development goals
(4) Main tasks < /div>
3. Overall layout of the national water network
(1) Accelerate the construction of the main framework of the national water network
(2) Smooth the country Main arteries of the water network
(3) Construction of backbone transmission and drainage channels
IV. Improve water resources allocation and water supply guarantee system
(1) Implement the construction of major water diversion projects
(2) Improve the regional water resources allocation system
(3) Promote water resources Construction of regulation and storage projects
5. Improve the flood control and disaster reduction system in the river basin
(1) Improve the flood discharge capacity of rivers
(2) Enhance flood regulation and storage capabilities
(3) Ensure the flood storage function of flood diversion and storage areas
(4) Improve flood risk prevention and control capabilities< br />
6. Improve the river and lake ecosystem protection and governance system
(1) Strengthen the river and lake ecological protection and governance
(2) Accelerate the comprehensive integration of groundwater overexploitationGovernance
(3) Promote water source conservation and soil and water conservation
7. Promote the high-quality development of the national water network
< div> (1) Promote safe development
(2) Promote green development
(3) Accelerate smart development
(4) Overall planning and integrated development
(5) Improvement of systems and mechanisms
8. Safeguard measures
< div> (1) Strengthen the party’s leadership
(2) Strengthen organization and implementation
(3) Strengthen policy guarantee
(4) Strengthen scientific and technological support
Accelerate the construction of a national water network, build a modern high-quality water conservancy infrastructure network, and coordinate the resolution of water resources, water ecology, water environment, and water disaster issues , is a major strategic deployment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. In order to carry out the top-level design of the national water network, the "National Water Network Construction Plan Outline" was compiled. This planning outline is an important guiding document for the construction of the national water network at present and in the future. The planning period is from 2021 to 2035.
1. Planning basis
(1) Development status
Country The water network is a comprehensive system based on natural rivers and lakes, diversion and drainage projects as channels, regulation and storage projects as nodes, and intelligent regulation as means, integrating the functions of optimal allocation of water resources, river basin flood prevention and disaster reduction, and water ecosystem protection. . Since the founding of New China, the Party has led the people to carry out magnificent water conservancy construction, built the world's largest and most extensive water conservancy infrastructure system, and has benefited the largest number of people. It has successfully overcome several catastrophic floods and severe droughts, and in order to protect the people's It provides important support for the safety of life and property, promotes stable and healthy economic and social development, and lays an important foundation for building a national water network in the new era.
The criss-crossing natural network of rivers and lakes provides natural conditions for the construction of the national water network. The river and lake system is the carrier of water flow and has many functions such as flood storage, drainage and sediment transportation, water supply for irrigation, inland navigation, hydropower generation, and ecological maintenance. my country's river basinThere are 45,203 rivers with an area of 50 square kilometers or more, and 2,865 lakes with a year-round water surface area of 1 square kilometer or more. Rivers and lakes are intertwined, forming complex and diverse river patterns and ecosystems, which have become important background conditions for the national water network.
The large-scale water conservancy facilities provide an important foundation for the construction of the national water network. Our country has basically established a system of water conservancy projects such as flood control and disaster reduction, urban and rural water supply, and farmland irrigation. The water conservancy infrastructure network has basically been formed. The Three Gorges Project, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and other important national projects have exerted huge benefits. Our country has built more than 98,000 reservoirs of various types, with a total storage capacity of more than 900 billion cubic meters, and a water resource control capacity of about 30%; about 320,000 kilometers of level 5 and above embankments, protecting most of the country's population and economic zones; large and medium-sized There are more than 7,330 irrigated areas, and the effective irrigation area of farmland is 1.037 billion acres. Various types of water conservancy projects have gradually developed from points to networks, from decentralization to systems, and have become an important part of the national water network.
The integrated development of river and lake water system connectivity and artificial infrastructure provides strong support for the construction of the national water network. Since ancient times, my country has made practical explorations to connect rivers and lakes and build river networks. Grand projects such as Dujiangyan and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal are still playing an important role in benefiting the Chinese nation. With the completion of major water diversion projects such as the East and Middle Line Phase I of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, a cross-basin and cross-regional water grid pattern has gradually taken shape. The practices of some regions in water network construction and river and lake water system connections have provided useful experience for the construction of national water networks.
Due to the complexity of my country’s water problems and the difficulty of water control, compared with the requirements for building a modern high-quality infrastructure system, the water conservancy engineering system is still not systematic and the standards are not high enough. The level of intelligence needs to be improved, and the overall pattern of the national water network has not yet been fully formed. The flood control, drainage and disaster reduction system is still imperfect, the ability to coordinate and allocate water resources is not high, the interconnection and coordination and integration of water conservancy projects are not enough, the modern management system and mechanism are not yet complete, safe, green and smart development needs to be strengthened, and the level, quality and efficiency of water conservancy public services need to be improved. The water conservancy infrastructure network needs to be made more systematic, comprehensive, and resilient.
(2) Situational requirements
At present, our country has embarked on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching towards the second centenary goal. The journey to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is at a critical period and requires solid water security support and guarantee. Our country's economy has shifted to a stage of high-quality development, promoting the optimization and upgrading of the economic system, and building a new development pattern. There is an urgent need to speed up the completion of shortcomings in infrastructure and other fields, implement major national water network projects, and give full play to the advantages and comprehensiveness of the ultra-large-scale water conservancy engineering system. benefits, ensure national water security at a higher level, and support the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.
Accelerating the construction of a national water network is an inevitable requirement to solve the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and achieve spatial balance on a larger scale. The basic water regime in my country has always been floods in summer, dry season in winter, and lack of abundance in the north and south. The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is extremely uneven. The country's per capita and per mu water resources are only 1/4 and 1/2 of the world average, respectively. To form a unified national market and smooth domestic circulation, and promote the coordinated development of the north and the south, there is an urgent need to strengthen the scientific allocation of water resources across river basins and regions, solve the problem of spatial imbalance of water resources, enhance the ability to regulate and supply water resources, and ensure the high quality of the economy and society. develop.
Accelerating the construction of the national water network is an inevitable requirement to solve the accumulated debts of the ecological environment and achieve green development. For a long time, economic and social water use in some areas has exceeded the carrying capacity of water resources, leading to ecological problems such as water pollution, river drying, shrinking wetlands, and overexploitation of groundwater. At present, the surface water quality of 3% of state-controlled sections across the country is Class V or worse than Class V. The area of groundwater overexploitation area nationwide is 280,000 square kilometers, with an average annual overexploitation volume of 15.8 billion cubic meters. Spatial protection of rivers and lakes, guarantee of ecological flow, water quality maintenance and improvement, and biodiversity protection are facing severe challenges. There is an urgent need to systematically plan an optimal allocation network of water resources and give full play to the comprehensive benefits of water resources, which not only guarantees economic and social water needs, but also achieves " "Return water to rivers" to revive the ecological environment of rivers and lakes.
Accelerating the construction of the national water network is an urgent requirement to effectively respond to flood and drought disaster risks and build a higher standard of national security barriers. Floods and droughts occur frequently in my country. The middle and lower reaches of major rivers are vulnerable to basin floods and strong typhoons. The central and western regions are vulnerable to threats such as heavy rainfall and flash floods. The areas west of the 400 mm precipitation line are mostly drought-stricken and ecologically fragile. . As the impact of global climate change intensifies, it is necessary to accelerate the improvement of water conservancy infrastructure networks, improve flood and drought prevention engineering standards, maintain the safety of water conservancy facilities, improve digital, networked, and intelligent management levels, and promote the construction of high-quality, high-standard, and strong resilience. Safe water network to ensure the safe operation of the economy and society.
2. Overall requirements
(1) Guiding ideology
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, based on the new development stage, we will completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, and comprehensively implement the principles of "water conservation first, spatial balance, systematic governance, The water management idea of "working with both hands" adheres to the people-centered development idea, adheres to problem-oriented and goal-oriented, coordinates development and safety, systematically plans, and coordinates overall, accurately makes up for shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, and optimizes the layout of water conservancy infrastructure, structure, function and development model, with the goal of comprehensively improving water security capabilities, focusing on improving the optimal allocation system of water resources, river basin flood prevention and disaster reduction system, and water ecological protection and governance system, coordinating the stock and increase, strengthening interconnection, and accelerating Build a national water network that is "complete in system, safe and reliable, intensive and efficient, green and intelligent, with smooth circulation and orderly regulation" to achieve the unification of economic benefits, social benefits, ecological benefits and safety benefits, and provide strong support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. water security.
(2) Working principles
——Based on the overall situation and ensuring people’s livelihood. Adhere to the national game of chess, be based on the long term, be moderately ahead of the curve, coordinate and promote the construction of the national water network, support the development and protection of land space, productivity layout and the implementation of major national strategies, and provide support for smooth domestic circulation. Adhere to the people-oriented approach and strive to ensure flood control safety, water supply safety, food security, and ecological safety, satisfy the people's yearning for a better life, and continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security.
——Water saving is a priority and space is balanced. Take water conservation as the basic prerequisite for the implementation of the national water network project, determine water needs, measure water, and adapt measures to water conditions, give full play to the rigid restraint role of water resources, and follow the requirements of "real need, ecological security, and sustainability" , Scientifically and rationally plan the layout of water network projects, optimize the spatial allocation of water resources, improve the water resources carrying capacity of important areas, and promote the balance between population, economy, resources and environment.
——Human and water harmony, green ecology. Firmly establish the concept of ecological civilization, adhere to the systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, respect nature, comply with nature, and protect nature, put ecological priority and green development concepts throughout the entire process of national water network construction and operation management, strive to build ecological water conservancy projects, and continuously improve Water ecology and water environment, maintain the integrity of river and lake ecosystems, achieve harmonious coexistence of humans and water, and promote sustainable development.
——System planning, risk management and control. Adhere to the system concept, base on the entire river basin, combine benefits and eliminate harm, and systematically solve the problems of water resources, water ecology, water environment, and water disasters. Make networking, repairing networks, and strengthening links the focus of national water network construction, promote the collaborative integration of water networks at all levels, and strive to improve the overall efficiency and comprehensive life-cycle benefits of the national water network. Strengthen bottom-line thinking and enhance the initiative and effectiveness of water safety risk prevention and control.
——Reform and innovation, using both hands. Adhere to multi-wheel drive and give full play to the government and market, central and local governments, state-owned capital and social capital, etc.effect. Innovate the national water network construction and management system and investment and financing mechanism to better leverage the leverage effect of water prices. Give full play to the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, vigorously promote the digitalization of water networks, intelligent dispatching, and automation of monitoring and early warning, strengthen the integration of physical water networks and digital water networks, and improve the level of water network engineering technology and intelligence.
(3) Development Goals
By 2025, build a number of national water network backbone projects, national backbone projects Network construction has been accelerated, and provincial, municipal, and county water networks have been implemented in an orderly manner, with efforts to make up for shortcomings and weak links such as water resource allocation, urban and rural water supply, flood control and drainage, water ecological protection, and intelligent water network, as well as flood and drought disaster prevention capabilities, water resources The ability to conserve and intensively utilize water resources, optimize the allocation of water resources, and protect and manage the ecology of large rivers and lakes have been further improved. The level of intelligence in water network projects has been improved, and the country's ability to ensure water security has been significantly enhanced.
By 2035, the overall pattern of the national water network will be basically formed, the main skeleton and arteries of the national water network will be gradually built, the provincial, municipal and county water networks will be basically perfected, and the construction will be consistent with the basic realization of socialist modernization. national water security system. The level of conservation, intensive and efficient use of water resources has been comprehensively improved, and the level of urban and rural water supply security and drought emergency response capabilities have been significantly improved; the flood control and disaster reduction system in rivers and lakes has been basically improved, the level of flood control safety assurance has been significantly improved, and the ability to prevent, control and respond to flood risks has been significantly enhanced; water ecology Space is effectively protected, water and soil erosion are effectively controlled, ecological water quantity in rivers and lakes is effectively guaranteed, and a beautiful and healthy water ecosystem is basically formed; the management and maintenance mechanism for the sound operation of the national water network project is sound, and digital, networked, and intelligent dispatching and application are basically realized.
(4) Main tasks
Build the "outline" of the national water network. Focusing on major national strategies, based on the main streams of major rivers and important rivers and lakes, and focusing on the east, middle and west lines of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, scientifically promote the planning and construction of a number of major diversion and drainage projects, promote the construction of embankments on the main streams of major rivers and major rivers, and promote the construction of embankments up to standard on major rivers and major rivers. Control river conditions in sections, carry out timely construction upgrading of key river sections, build green ecological corridors for important rivers, and accelerate the construction of the main framework and arteries of the national water network.
Weaving the "eyes" of the national water network. Combined with the national, provincial, autonomous and municipal water security needs, we will strengthen the interconnection between major national water resources allocation projects and important regional water resources allocation projects, and promote the comprehensive management of major tributaries and small and medium-sized rivers, regional river and lake water system connectivity, and the construction of diversion and drainage projects. Form an integrated and interconnected provincial, municipal and county water network system between urban and rural areas, improve the quality of the ecological environment of rivers and lakes, and enhance the ability to ensure water resource allocation and prevent floods and droughts.
Strive to strengthen the “knot” of the national water network. Accelerate the construction of controlled storage and storage projects and key water source projects that are included in river basin and regional planning and are in line with the national regional development strategy, accelerate the construction of important flood storage and detention areas, fully tap the storage capacity of existing projects, and comprehensively consider flood control, water supply, and irrigation , shipping, power generation, ecology and other functions, strengthen the joint dispatch of water projects in the basin, improve the ability to regulate water resources, and give full play to the comprehensive functions and benefits of the project.
3. Overall layout of the national water network
Based on the overall basin and spatial balance of water resources, combined with the characteristics of rivers and lakes water systems and the layout of water conservancy infrastructure, coordinate the existing and increment, strengthen the connection between the national backbone network and provincial, municipal and county water networks, promote interconnection, joint debugging, joint supply, and coordinated prevention and control, and gradually form a national water network "one network" , jointly play the role of ensuring water security, promote the balance between water resources and population and economic layout, and support high-quality economic and social development.
(1) Accelerate the construction of the main framework of the national water network
Based on my country’s natural geographical pattern, river basin water system distribution, water conservancy infrastructure network and rivers and lakes Regarding water system connectivity, the main skeleton of the national water network consists of the main network and regional networks. In the future, according to the needs of the country's long-term development strategy, the extended coverage of the main network will be gradually expanded and interconnected with the regional network to form an integrated national water network.
(2) Unblock the main arteries of the national water network
Give full play to the comprehensive functions of flood control, water transportation, ecological and other important rivers in the country such as the Yangtze River and Yellow River , accelerate the improvement of the overall layout of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and solidly promote the high-quality development of subsequent projects. Give full play to the lifeline role of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, make full use of the water supply capacity of the first phase of the east and middle water diversion projects, and improve the water supply efficiency of the project. Adhere to the scientific layout, accurately grasp the respective characteristics of the east, middle and west lines, strengthen top-level design, optimize strategic arrangements, deepen the comparison and selection of plans, conduct research on major issues, innovate systems and mechanisms, and coordinate and promote the construction of subsequent projects.
(3) Construction of backbone transmission and drainage channels
Based on the needs of economic and social development and ecological environment protection, rationally layout and construct a number of major water resource allocation projects and river flood control backbone projects, forming backbone transportation and drainage channels that crisscross from north to south and east to west. We will comprehensively consider the water security needs of important regions, optimize the water resource allocation system, and promote the construction of key water resource allocation projects. Accelerate the implementation of the upgrading of important river embankments to meet standards and comprehensive management of river courses, and take the opportunity to build new (expanded) important flood diversion channels,Improve the river basin flood control engineering system and enhance the flood control and drainage capabilities of rivers.
Four. Improve water resources allocation and water supply guarantee system
In view of my country’s summer floods and winter dryness, the north is short of abundant and the south is abundant. The distribution characteristics of water resources, focusing on the national development strategy and modernization construction goals, insisting on prioritizing water conservation, practicing according to water quantity, paying equal attention to increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, and adopting measures that combine "controlling demand and increasing supply". Under the premise of deep water conservation and water control, Scientifically plan and construct water resource allocation projects and water source projects, rely on criss-crossing natural water systems and artificial waterways to improve the water resource allocation pattern, realize mutual aid and joint regulation of water resources, and promote scientific water distribution, rational water use, high-quality water and quality-based water supply , comprehensively enhance the overall allocation capacity of water resources, and improve the degree of water supply security and risk resistance in water-scarce areas.
(1) Implement the construction of major water diversion projects
Adhere to saving water first and then diverting water, controlling pollution first and then flowing water, and environmental protection first For water use, focus on the overall regional development of the river basin, take into account water security such as ecology, shipping, and power generation, promote high-quality development of follow-up projects of the South-to-North Water Diversion, implement a number of major water diversion projects, strengthen interconnection, accelerate the formation of strategic water transmission channels, and optimize water resources Macroscopic allocation pattern, enhance inter-basin and inter-regional water resource allocation capabilities and urban and rural water supply guarantee capabilities, and promote the optimization and adjustment of my country's population, economic layout and land space utilization pattern.
(2) Improve the regional water resources allocation system
Strengthen the interconnection between major national water resources allocation projects and important regional water resources allocation projects, and carry out Water systems are connected between water source projects and between different water resource allocation projects to enhance regional water resource allocation support capabilities. Improve the layout of urban water supply networks, strengthen long-term management and protection of drinking water sources, improve water supply quality, accelerate the construction of urban emergency backup water source projects, and form a water supply pattern with multiple water sources and high security. Optimize the layout of rural water supply projects, strengthen water resource protection and water quality assurance, and improve rural water supply standards and security levels. Coordinate the use of local water and external water transfer, strengthen the joint regulation and supply of surface water and groundwater, strengthen the use of unconventional water sources such as recycled water, desalinated seawater, rainwater collection, mine water, brackish water, and improve the level of water resource recycling and safe utilization. . In drought-prone areas, strengthen the construction of drought-resistant water diversion and extraction projects and reservoir connection projects, improve water source allocation and drought-resistant water supply guarantee capabilities, and ensure urban and rural water demand during drought periods.
, combined with the national backbone network water source engineering and water transmission and distribution engineeringWe will build a batch of water-saving and ecological irrigation areas, implement the renewal and modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas, improve the backbone irrigation and drainage engineering system, innovate and promote efficient water-saving new technologies and new mechanisms, improve the efficiency of water and land resource utilization, and consolidate the national Fundamentals of food security.
(3) Promote the construction of water source regulation and storage projects
Fully tap the water supply potential of existing water source regulation and storage projects and accelerate the implementation of the backbone projects that have been included in the plan Construction of water source projects to enhance water resources regulation and storage capabilities. Accelerate the construction of small and medium-sized water source projects in underdeveloped areas, old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas and island areas, and key counties supported by the country for rural revitalization, and enhance the ability to guarantee urban and rural water supply.
5. Improve the river basin flood prevention and disaster reduction system
Adhere to the supremacy of people and life, and put the protection of people’s lives and property first. In the first place, we should follow the disaster prevention, reduction, and relief concept of “two persistences and three transformations” to comprehensively improve flood prevention and safety capabilities. In response to the new situation and new requirements for flood and drought disaster prevention, from an overall perspective on the river basin, focusing on important rivers and lakes such as large rivers and lakes, we will revise the flood control plans for seven major river basins, further optimize the layout of the river basin flood prevention and disaster reduction system, and make arrangements for the outlet of floods. Comprehensively adopt measures that combine "expanding discharge, increasing storage, and controlling risks" to build a modern flood control engineering system consisting of reservoirs, rivers, embankments, and flood storage and detention areas based on river basins, scientifically improve flood disaster prevention engineering standards, and coordinate flood control Engineering and non-engineering measures will further enhance flood disaster prevention capabilities, minimize disaster losses, and ensure the flood control safety of important cities, important economic zones, and important infrastructure.
(1) Improving the flood discharge capacity of rivers
Focusing on the construction of river embankments up to standards and river regulation, speed up the work of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River , Pearl River, Songhua River, Liaohe River, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu Lake and other large rivers and lakes are managed to maintain smooth river channels and stable river conditions, and comprehensively improve the flood discharge capacity of river channels. For key river sections involving major national strategies, important economic zones, important urban agglomerations, and important flood control cities, in accordance with the requirements of river basin flood control planning and procedures and specifications, review flood control capabilities, revise flood control standards, and carry out standard-raising construction in a timely manner. Accelerate the implementation of the management of small and medium-sized rivers, and give priority to the management of river sections with county-level and above cities, important towns and relatively concentrated populations along the rivers. For rivers in the northern region, the focus is on strengthening river system improvements, reducing river siltation and shrinkage, and restoring the river's ability to carry out floods. For rivers in the south, the focus is on maintaining river stability and flood storage space, coordinating the relationship between main rivers and tributaries, coordinating flood control and drainage, and reducing flood control pressure on main rivers. Build a new (expanded) batch of backbone flood drainage channels to solve the problem of plain river network areasProblems such as insufficient drainage channels and poor outlets for floodwaters. Strengthen estuary management, standardize the flow path into the sea, and keep the estuary stable and smooth.
(2) Enhance flood regulation and storage capacity
Accelerate the implementation of a number of river basin controlled reservoir project construction, improve river flood regulation and storage capacity, and strive to achieve initiative in river basin flood prevention and control. The Yangtze River Basin focuses on promoting the construction of control hubs for the upper reaches of the Qujiang and Tuojiang Rivers, the middle reaches of the Qingjiang River system, and the downstream tributaries of the Shuiyang River and Qingyi River; the Yellow River Basin focuses on accelerating the construction of control projects such as Dongzhuang and orderly advancing projects such as Guxian; the Huaihe River Basin Focus on the construction of flood control projects in the upstream Huanghe River, Ruhe River and other tributaries, Yishu River and important flood channels in the Shandong Peninsula; in the Pearl River Basin, accelerate the construction of flood control control hubs such as Xijiang and Liujiang; in the southeastern rivers, we will promote control projects such as the Qiantang River and Saijiang River. hub construction. Accelerate the implementation of risk elimination and reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, and improve the normalized management and protection mechanism. Strengthen scientific dispatching, improve the level of flood resource utilization, and give full play to the comprehensive benefits of regulation and storage projects.
(3) Ensure the flood storage function of the flood diversion and storage area
According to the flood outlet arrangement and flood control protection requirements in the basin, optimize and adjust the layout of the flood storage and detention area, and accelerate progress The construction of important flood storage and detention areas in the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and other river basins ensures normal flood distribution and storage functions. Strengthen land use, industrial guidance, and population size control in flood storage and detention areas. Where conditions permit, the return of farmland (poles) to lakes should be carried out in a scientific and orderly manner. Illegal occupation of river and lake waters is prohibited and flood storage space is protected. With the goal of restoring flood storage space, flood conduction channels, and ecological space, we adopt a "double retreat" or "single retreat" method according to local conditions, carry out classified rectification of beach and residential embankments, and restore the flood conduction and detention functions. Optimize the management plan for the lower Yellow River floodplain area and guide the orderly migration of the population in the area.
(4) Improve flood risk prevention and control capabilities
Fully consider the impact of extreme weather and changes in flood control situations caused by climate change, and scientifically improve flood control engineering standards , enhance the safety risk awareness of the whole society, and effectively respond to the threat of excessive floods. Improve the intelligent level of flood control in river basins and strengthen the four measures of forecasting, warning, rehearsal and plan. Strengthen the joint dispatching of water projects such as reservoir groups, give full play to the overall advantages of the flood control engineering system, and comprehensively enhance the flood control safety capabilities of the river basin. Targeting prominent risk points such as dangerous reservoir sluices, heavy rain floods in small and medium-sized rivers, and flash floods, we will promptly and effectively eliminate hidden risks and improve our ability to respond to flood disasters.
6. Improve the river and lake ecosystem protection and governance system
Firmly establish the concept of ecological civilization to enhance the ecosystemQuality and stability are the core, we adhere to systematic management, comprehensive management, and source management, coordinate the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river basin, take into account the surface and underground, adapt measures to local conditions, implement comprehensive policies, vigorously promote the ecological protection and restoration of rivers and lakes, strengthen the comprehensive management of groundwater overexploitation, and strengthen water source conservation Together with the ecological construction of soil and water conservation, we will accelerate the recovery of the ecological environment of rivers and lakes, restore life to rivers and watersheds, and realize the sustainable utilization of river and lake functions.
(1) Strengthen the ecological protection and management of rivers and lakes
In accordance with the requirements of reshaping and maintaining healthy life forms of rivers, determine the ecological flow of rivers and lakes by zoning and classification The goal is to strengthen water conservation and optimal allocation of water resources, reduce the ecological water use of rivers and lakes, carry out ecological water replenishment of key rivers, lakes and wetlands, ensure the ecological flow of rivers and lakes, and maintain biodiversity. Strengthen the river and lake chief system, further promote the normalization and standardization of the "four chaos" of rivers and lakes (cleaning up illegal occupation, mining, piles, and construction), and continue to rectify the problems of encroachment and destruction of rivers and lakes. Strengthen supervision and inspection of rivers and lakes to consolidate the effectiveness of urban black and smelly water bodies. Carry out inspections and rectification of sewage outlets into rivers (lakes), strengthen river and lake dredging, ecological restoration, and water system connectivity, improve river and lake water circulation and hydrodynamic conditions, and restore the water ecological environment with clear water and green banks. Accelerate the delineation of river and lake management scope and shoreline protection scope, strengthen the management and control of shoreline functional zoning, implement the restoration of river and lake spatial zones, and create a green ecological corridor along rivers and lakes that is ecologically livable, water-friendly and convenient. Promote ecological restoration and comprehensive management of large river estuaries. Strengthen the protection of water source areas of major water diversion projects, main water conveyance channels, and centralized drinking water sources.
(2) Accelerate the comprehensive management of groundwater over-exploitation
Deeply promote the comprehensive management of groundwater over-exploitation in key areas such as North China, and determine the amount of groundwater withdrawal and On the basis of water level control indicators, comprehensive measures such as strengthening water conservation, prohibition and restriction of extraction, and replacement of water sources will be adopted to reduce overexploitation of groundwater and strictly control the intensity of groundwater development. Strengthen the protection of groundwater resources and implement zoning management and protection in accordance with the requirements of prohibited mining areas and restricted mining areas. Increase water supply through multiple channels. In areas where conditions permit, we will implement groundwater replenishment in over-exploitation areas by utilizing local water, externally transferred water, and recycled water to gradually achieve a balance of water supply and replenishment.
(3) Promote water source conservation and soil and water conservation
Strengthen the protection of the "Chinese Water Tower" on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, increase the intensity of enclosure protection, and implement forestation according to local conditions. Preventive and protective measures such as grass vegetation restoration can be used to increase the comprehensive coverage of forest and grass vegetation and enhance the self-healing ability and stability of the ecosystem. Focusing on the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, the black soil area in the northeast, the karst rocky desertification area in the southwest, the Three Gorges and the Danjiangkou Reservoir area, we will promote projects such as sloping farmland, check dams, erosion ditches, and collapse hillock management according to local conditions.Adopt a combination of engineering measures and biological measures to comprehensively prevent and control water and soil erosion and improve management efficiency. Taking the watershed as a unit, with the goals of green mountains, clean water, beautiful villages, and prosperous people, measures such as channel management, biological filter belts, water source conservation, enclosure protection, and ecological restoration will be coordinated to create an ecologically clean small watershed.
7. Promote the high-quality development of the national water network
Make overall plans for the construction of the national backbone network and provincial, municipal and county water networks , adhere to high standards and high levels, promote safe development, green development, smart development, and integrated development of water networks, improve management systems and mechanisms, and comprehensively improve water security capabilities and levels.
(1) Promote safe development
Improve water safety standards. Build national water network projects to high standards, upgrade existing projects, and improve the overall safety of the water network. In response to the impact of climate change and the need for flood control security, review the flood control capabilities of the river basin area, analyze flood disaster risks, optimize flood control zoning, and reasonably increase the importance of protection objects such as the level of cities and towns along the river, population size, or new flood control tasks. Flood control safety standards and flood control engineering standards. Focusing on improving the guarantee rate of urban and rural water supply, we will effectively respond to water supply risks such as severe drought and water pollution, and improve the safety standards and guarantee levels of urban and rural water supply. Accelerate the formulation and revision of technical standards for water network projects, and improve the technical standard system that is consistent with water security objectives and requirements. While advancing project construction, we will simultaneously improve monitoring and measurement facilities.
Strengthen water safety risk prevention and control. Focusing on the prevention and control of risks such as water resources, flood control, and water ecology, we will improve the national water network engineering safety protection system, strengthen safety risk identification, and establish a full-chain management and control mechanism such as risk identification, research and judgment, early warning, prevention, disposal, and responsibility to ensure water The network project operates safely. Strengthen the unified dispatching of water networks and joint dispatching of water projects, give full play to the overall efficiency of water network operations, and enhance system security, resilience and risk resistance. Formulate contingency plans for safety risks in water network construction and operation management, prevent and resolve sudden water safety incidents, and eliminate hidden risks in a timely manner.
(2) Promote green development
Strengthen the rigid constraints on water resources carrying capacity. The construction of the national water network must fully consider the water resources carrying capacity of the river basin area, insist on using water to determine cities, water to determine land, water to determine people, and water to determine production, strengthen the conservation, intensive and safe use of water resources, and reasonably control the intensity of water resource development and utilization , build water-saving and efficient water network projects. For the construction of water networks in water resource overload areas, it is necessary to strengthen demand-side management, vigorously promote water conservation in all fields, optimize industrial layout and structural adjustment, rationally plan and construct water diversion projects, increase water supply, reduce the occupied ecological water volume of rivers, and pressureReduce overexploitation of groundwater and ease the contradiction between water supply and demand. For the construction of water networks in areas where water resources still have development potential, factors such as river systems, water resources conditions, and ecological environment must be fully considered, and the upstream and downstream, left and right banks, main branches and tributaries, transfer areas, and transfer areas must be fully considered, and water needs of relevant regions must be coordinated. , reasonably determine the adjustable water output, and provide water source support for building a water network.
Build an ecological water network project. Insert the concept of ecological civilization throughout the entire process of national water network planning, design, construction, operation, and management, optimize the layout and construction plans of water network projects, strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system for planning and construction projects, and implement land and space planning and control requirements. Water network projects Construction should try to avoid cultivated land, permanent basic farmland, and ecological protection red lines, and avoid overturning important mineral deposits. In the construction of water network projects such as river management, embankment reinforcement, water diversion, and water source regulation, we should pay attention to ecological protection and conservation and intensive land use, adopt ecologically friendly construction plans, building materials, and construction techniques, and implement ecologicalization of existing water network projects according to local conditions. Reform, carry out in-depth cleanup and rectification of small hydropower and green transformation and upgrading, and build a green water conservancy infrastructure network. Strengthen the ecological regulation of water networks, ensure the ecological flow of rivers and lakes, and maintain the integrity and biodiversity of river and lake ecosystems. Promote and improve the compensation mechanism for horizontal ecological protection in river basin areas. During project construction, we should pay attention to protecting, inheriting and promoting excellent water culture.
(3) Accelerate smart development
Strengthen the digital construction of water networks. Deepen the integration of national water network projects and new infrastructure construction, and promote the digital and intelligent construction of water network projects. With physical geography, main and tributary water systems, water conservancy projects, and economic and social information as the main content, build a digital twin water network, accelerate the construction of digital scenarios that map the physical water flow process and its response process, improve the digital level of water network engineering, and realize the integration of physical water network and Dynamic real-time information interaction and deep integration between digital water networks. Promote the connection between water network projects and digital platforms of related industries to achieve information sharing.
Improve the level of intelligent water network dispatching and management. Accelerate the construction of the national water network dispatch center, big data center and river basin sub-center, and build a national water network dispatch and command system. Through intelligent simulation, it supports the simulation analysis of all elements of water network forecasts, early warnings, previews, and plans, provides intelligent decision-making support, and improves the level of comprehensive dispatch and management of water network flood control, water supply, and ecology.
Improve the water network monitoring system. Make full use of the existing monitoring station network, accelerate the optimization and construction of the monitoring station network for important river trunks and main tributaries, and small and medium-sized rivers, and strengthen monitoring of hydrology and water resources, water intake and drainage, river and lake space, water ecological environment, soil and water conservation, and water project safety, etc. Comprehensively improve water network monitoring and sensing capabilities. Promote the application of new technologies and new means such as new generation communication technology, high-resolution remote sensing satellites, and artificial intelligence, improve the automation and intelligence level of monitoring equipment, and create a comprehensiveA comprehensive, high-precision, multi-dimensional, and safe water network monitoring system.
(4) Coordinated and integrated development
Strengthen the interconnection of the national backbone network and provincial water networks. Coordinate national and regional water security needs, strengthen the connection and interconnection between the national backbone network and provincial water networks, plan and construct provincial water networks, and maximize the overall benefits of water network projects. The water-scarce areas in the north rely on cross-basin water diversion backbone projects to build and improve provincial water networks, improve water resource allocation capabilities and water supply guarantees, gradually reduce the degree of water resource development and utilization, and strengthen the utilization of flood resources. Water-rich areas in the south have improved regional flood control and drainage capabilities through water network projects, coordinated the allocation of water resources, and enhanced the hydropower of rivers and lakes.
Promote the coordinated integration of provincial, municipal and county water networks in an orderly manner. Relying on the national backbone network and provincial water networks, we will optimize the layout of river and lake systems in cities and counties, promote the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, open up the "last mile" of flood control and drainage and water resource allocation, and improve the level of basic public services for urban and rural water conservancy. Carry out urban water system connectivity according to local conditions, leave sufficient ecological space for urban rivers and lakes and flood control and drainage space, promote the use of recycled water, and improve water resource utilization efficiency. Rural areas where conditions permit can develop large-scale centralized water supply by extending the urban water supply pipeline network or building cross-village or cross-township centralized water supply projects. Improve the irrigation and drainage system, carry out water system connectivity and water-beautiful rural construction, and improve rural water security capabilities.
Strengthen the coordinated development of water networks and related industries. Promote the integrated development of the national water network and modern agriculture, and build a number of modern large-scale irrigation areas in major grain-producing areas and areas with suitable water and soil resources to improve food production support capabilities; promote the continued construction and renovation of large and medium-sized irrigation areas to improve water transmission and distribution in irrigation areas efficiency. Promote the integrated development of the water network and the power industry, and strengthen the coordinated integration of the national water network and hydropower bases. Promote the integrated development of water network and energy industry layout, on the basis of strengthening water conservation, optimize industrial layout according to water resource carrying conditions, rationally plan water network construction, and ensure reasonable water demand for important energy bases. Promote the integrated development of water networks and shipping, strengthen the overall coordination of water networks and water transport channels, combine with comprehensive river basin planning, scientifically demonstrate and promote the development of inland shipping in an orderly manner. Consolidate the main shipping channels such as the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, and the southern section of the Yellow River of the Grand Canal, strengthen the planning and construction of Jianghan Canal, Jianghuai Canal and other projects, and promote the construction of the Pinglu Canal.
(5) Improve the system and mechanism
Innovate the water network construction and management system. Actively explore the integrated construction management model of investment, construction and operation. For the construction of the national backbone network, a project legal person shall be established at the central or provincial level to be responsible for construction, operation and management. For the construction of provincial, municipal and county water networks, we will rely on water management units, water supply companies, investment and financing platforms, etc. with certain scale and professional advantages to establish water supply networks.Network construction and operation entity. Support social capital to participate in the construction and operation of qualified water network projects through equity cooperation, franchising, government and social capital cooperation, etc.
Improve the sound operation mechanism of the water network. Improve the national water network dispatching and operation mechanism and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water network operation. Research and establish institutional systems such as water network operation, dispatching and management to improve the level of institutionalized management. Promote the reform of water rights and water markets, standardize and clarify water rights, and improve the market-based trading system of water rights. Accelerate water network water supply price reform, innovate and improve the price formation mechanism that combines public welfare and commercial water supply, and establish and improve a water price formation mechanism that is conducive to promoting water resources conservation and the sound operation of water conservancy projects, and is compatible with the reform of water conservancy investment and financing systems and mechanisms. Deepen the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices and improve the water-saving incentive mechanism. Improve the normalization mechanism for water network project operation, management and maintenance, actively promote the separation of management and maintenance, and promote management specialization and standardization. Deepen the reform of the project management system, explore centralized management models, and promote the healthy operation of projects.
8. Safeguard Measures
(1) Strengthening the Party’s Leadership
Uphold and strengthen the party's overall leadership, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", achieve "two safeguards", give full play to the party's core leadership role of overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and ensure the construction of the national water network Correct political direction. Implement a working mechanism in which the central government coordinates overall planning, provinces take overall responsibility, and cities and counties take charge of implementation. We will fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of cadres at all levels in building the national water network to ensure that the goals and tasks set in this planning outline are completed as scheduled.
(2) Strengthen organization and implementation
Strengthen the overall design and organizational guarantee of the national water network, improve the national water network construction planning system, and establish and improve the planning outline Implement a coordination and promotion mechanism, strengthen departmental coordination and linkage between upper and lower levels, comprehensively consider and implement policies in different areas, and combine economic and social development and preliminary work progress of the project to promote the overall planning and coordinated construction of water network projects at all levels in a scientific and orderly manner. Innovate the promotion mechanism of provincial water network construction and carry out the construction of provincial water network pilot areas. Deepen the preliminary demonstration of the water network project, scientifically and rationally determine the scale, layout and plan of the project construction, and strive to maximize the comprehensive benefits of the water network. Relevant departments and localities should incorporate major national water network projects into the five-year national economic and social development plan and related special plans for rolling implementation. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, we will focus on implementing a number of major national water network projects with sufficient planning basis, good preliminary work foundation, and high local enthusiasm for construction.
(3)Strengthen policy guarantees
All relevant departments must refine and improve supporting policies such as project approval, capital investment, land and sea use, and ecological environment, and actively support the planning and construction of national water network projects. Strengthen the connection and coordination between water network and land spatial planning, and integrate national water network construction projects into the “one map” of land and space planning. Raise construction funds through multiple channels, give full play to the leveraging role of government investment, and centrally invest to support the construction of national water network projects. In accordance with the principles of marketization and rule of law, we will deepen the reform of water conservancy investment and financing systems, implement water price standards and charging systems, establish a reasonable return mechanism, and expand the scale of equity and debt financing. For reservoirs and water diversion projects with operating income such as power generation and water supply, explore and standardize the implementation of project legal person bidding, government and social capital cooperation and other models, and actively guide social capital to participate in project construction and operation in accordance with laws and regulations. Promote qualified projects to carry out pilot projects of real estate investment trust funds in the infrastructure field to revitalize existing assets.
(4) Strengthen scientific and technological support
Actively carry out research on major issues in national water network construction and key technical research, using theories such as system theory and network technology Methods to improve basic research and technology research and development levels such as water network overall planning, system design, construction, and joint dispatch. Strengthen the construction of national water network scientific research capabilities, rely on powerful scientific research institutions, and establish a national water network scientific research base. Absorb and learn from advanced domestic and foreign technologies, and promote the use of practical technologies. Accelerate the training and practical training of scientific and technological talents in fields related to water network construction, cultivate leaders and professional scientific research and technology innovation teams, and provide talent support for the construction of national water network.
